A sustainable process to 100% bio-based nylons integrated chemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose

Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks. In this study, 100% bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from lignocellulose. These novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate sugar. Central to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence (Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation - reductive funnelling - oxidative funnelling), which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high efficiency. The structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated, and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw (>32,000) and excellent thermal stability (Td5% > 265 °C). Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength, these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.