Research progress on energy exchange models and principles of energetic metallic bridges

Initiating explosive devices are the primary energy and driving force of a weapon system, which can be excited by some form of external energy (mechanical, thermal or electrical) to produce chemical reactions such as combustion and explosion. With the development of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, initiating explosive devices based on MEMS technology have become a research hotspot in recent years. The energetic metallic bridge is a critical component in initiating explosive device based on MEMS technology, where MEMS technology integrates reactive multilayer films (RMFs) with metallic bridges to achieve energy amplification. In this review, the latest progress of metallic bridges and energetic metallic bridges is summarized from the aspects of types of metallic bridges, structures, preparation methods and reaction mechanism. The application of energetic metallic bridges based on two types of reactive multilayer films is mainly introduced. This article investigates the energy conversion models and principles governing various types of energetic metallic bridges under diverse excitation conditions. The analysis provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for the design and optimization of energetic metallic bridges across different ignition conditions. At the end of the review, an outlook and discussion on the development trends of energetic metallic bridges are presented.