Optimal scheduling and trading in joint electricity and carbon markets

The collaborative development of the electricity and carbon markets can reduce transaction costs, stimulate energy conservation and emission reductions, and accelerate the social transition to low carbon. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the current state and policy challenges of electricity-carbon trading and present an in-depth analysis of key research directions and technical details of electricity-carbon collaboration in the context of large-scale access to renewable energy. Then, by constructing a multi-agent behavioral decision-making model, we refine the decision-making mechanism of electricity-carbon synergy, simulated market clearing outcomes under different mechanisms, and proposed policies and incentive mechanisms to promote electricity-carbon trading. Furthermore, leveraging the massive data in energy systems, we design a carbon measurement method and carbon emission flow tracking method for low-carbon energy companies, achieving real-time carbon accounting for the power system. We establish a collaborative simulation model of the electricity and carbon markets, enabling an accurate prediction of the day-ahead carbon emission intensity. This study provides a new research framework and complete technical route for electricity-carbon coordination, which can further promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy system.