Effective battery charging system using step voltage and step duty size-based MPPT controller for solar PV system

Solar energy is an excellent source of renewable energy, despite its intermittent nature that can pose a challenge. To meet load demand, a converter is required to integrate the system. The converter acts based on control signals from the controller, which is trained according to the end demand and availability of Sun Irradiance. This paper utilizes the Incremental Conductance (IC) and Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithms, which are widely accepted in the industry and easy to implement. This study aims to design and compare a Step Voltage (SV) controller and a Step-Duty (SD) Maximum Point Tracking (MPPT) IC controller-based DC to DC boost converter. The paper compares the performance of SV and SD controller-based DC to DC boost converters under different environmental conditions, evaluates the system’s effectiveness by comparing the oscillations in load power for both conditions and discusses the impact of battery charging on the Load. The system performance is tested using MATLAB Simulink/coding, considering the Indian solar radiation intensity (SRI) scenario and temperature variations. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of the proposed system, which can contribute to the development and optimization of solar energy systems in various applications. From the comparative analysis of IC SD, SV and P&O SD, SV it is observed the performance of IC SD is superior. The impact of battery charging using IC SD controller on the load and MPPT point is also discussed.