A carbon emission monitoring method based on the average velocity across flue cross-sections

Accurate carbon accounting is essential for equitable global carbon trading, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Existing online monitoring systems enable real-time tracking of flue gas parameters but are often hindered by high costs and low accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a carbon emission monitoring method based on the average flow velocity across the flue cross-section. Simulation results indicate that positioning sensors within the central 0.375D to 0.625D region (where D is the flue diameter) minimizes radial velocity deviations and improves measurement uniformity. A customized laboratory platform validated the proposed method, achieving a 5 % average error between measured and actual emissions. Field verification in a cement plant further demonstrated a relative error of 3.58 % compared with the traditional equal-area method. This method significantly reduces the number of required flow sensors while maintaining comparable accuracy, offering a cost-effective and reliable solution for industrial carbon emission monitoring.