A refined empirical model of steady-state downburst based on high-resolution wind speed data obtained from wind tunnel tests

A slice of research pertinent to the analytical or empirical models of downburst winds was available, but the current validation was usually based on sampled wind velocities at several typical positions in the experimental measurements rather than the whole-flow domain information. Therefore, the capability of existing analytical or empirical models to reproduce the whole development of downbursts at different stages remains questionable. This paper aims to refine the empirical model of downbursts based on high-resolution wind speed data obtained from wind tunnel tests, which renders the well-established empirical model to simulate the maximum wind speed of the vortex ring and to obtain the more accurate wind profiles in the outflow regime. To overcome the bottleneck problem that lay in the lack of experimental results for whole-flow domain information, a comprehensive experimental study based on the impinging jet simulator was conducted and the spatial variations of downburst winds were systematically measured. Then, the empirical model considering the nonlinear growth of boundary layer thickness is refined according to the experimental results, so that two new empirical functions, which could rationally represent the spatial variation of horizontal wind velocities in the whole-flow domain, have been proposed. The refined empirical model can be used to facilitate the safety analysis of structures and buildings under downburst winds with a higher confidence level.