A comprehensive review of competency models for 3PL operations managers: Bibliometric and systematic analysis

Background: The growing complexity of logistics and supply chain management, particularly in third-party logistics (3PL) providers, highlights the need for effective competency models tailored to evolving operational demands. Current frameworks often lack the technical depth and global applicability required for this context. Approach: This study combines a bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review of publications from 1995 to 2024 to assess existing competency frameworks in the logistics sector. Key themes such as digitalization, sustainability, performance, and strategic management were identified. The review specifically focused on the role of logistics operations managers in 3PL environments. Findings: The analysis highlighted the importance of continuous learning and digital competencies such as IoT, AI, and big data analytics for logistics professionals. However, most existing competency models overlook the specific requirements and practical realities of 3PL operations managers. This gap underscores the need for more context-sensitive and field-oriented frameworks in logistics competency research. Contribution: In response, this study proposes an integrative, multidimensional competency framework of 3 PL operations manager combining technical, managerial, transversal and linguistics competencies. Designed to be scalable and aligned with global logistics standards, the model provides a robust foundation for competency-based human capital strategies in 3PL and global supply chains.