Characterization and strength prediction of a Belite cement matrix incorporating micro glass powder

Abstract This study investigates the potential of micro glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material in Belite cement matrices, addressing both environmental concerns and performance optimization. With the cement industry contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions and glass waste posing recycling challenges, this work explores the synergistic recycling of soda-lime glass in cementitious systems. The primary objectives were to evaluate the influence of glass powder on hydration kinetics, mechanical properties, and microstructure, while developing predictive models for strength behavior. Results demonstrate that glass powder addition (5–35% by weight) enhances workability and extends setting times, with optimal mechanical performance observed at 5–20% substitution. The pozzolanic reactivity of glass powder improved compressive strength by up to 23.6% (56 days) and flexural strength by 18.4% (300 days) compared to plain cement mortars. Microstructural analyses confirmed the formation of secondary calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and reduced porosity in modified pastes. Statistical modeling yielded high-accuracy predictive equations (R2 ≥ 0.92) for strength properties as functions of composition, curing time, and microstructure. These findings highlight the dual benefit of glass powder in mitigating waste and enhancing cement performance, supporting its viability as a sustainable construction material.