Energy Storage Performance of Thiophene‐Derivatized Polyaniline‐Supported Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanistic Insights and Application in Low‐Frequency Waveform Generation

ABSTRACT The growing demand for improved energy storage solutions has increasingly intensified the focus on developing high‐performance electrode materials. In this context, hybrid nanocomposites that integrate polymers and metal nanoparticles have emerged as potential materials for next‐generation energy storage devices. In this study, a thiophene‐derivatized polyaniline‐silver nanoparticle hybrid system (Ag‐TdPA) was synthesized through an in situ synthesis route. The resulting material was employed in the fabrication of a supercapacitor device and further utilized in an oscillator application. Electrochemical studies demonstrated a specific capacitance of 660 and 94 F.g−1 for three‐electrode and two‐electrode (device) systems, made by Ag‐TdPA, at a current density of 4.0 and 0.5 A.g−1, with the capacitance retention of 97 and 92% at 8.0 and 1.0 A.g−1, respectively, after 5000 repetitive charge–discharge cycles. The device delivered up to 37 Wh.kg−1 of energy density and 3784 W.kg−1 of power density, demonstrating its potential for energy storage applications. The Ag‐TdPA‐based device was implemented in a low‐frequency relaxation oscillator, delivering a consistent output signal at 0.47 Hz. The dual functionality of Ag‐TdPA highlights the potential as an advanced material for energy storage and signal generation in low‐power electronic systems.