An online survey of farmers' perspectives on the adoption of multispecies swards: Barriers, benefits and knowledge gaps

Abstract Background This study used an online survey to explore the perspectives, practices and knowledge gaps of Irish farmers regarding the adoption of multispecies swards (MSS), a sustainable alternative to traditional monoculture grassland systems. With ruminant livestock production being central to global agricultural gross domestic product and Ireland's reliance on grass‐based systems, MSS offer potential benefits for productivity, sustainability and environmental impact. However, farm‐level data on MSS adoption are limited. Methods An adapted version of Rogers' Innovation Decision Process model was used to examine farmers' awareness, adoption drivers, perceived benefits, barriers and knowledge needs related to MSS. Results Among 200 Irish farmers surveyed between October 2023 and March 2024, 93% were aware of MSS and 57% had adopted it. Reported benefits included improved biodiversity, soil health, drought resilience and reduced nitrogen use, with 91% of adopters lowering fertiliser inputs. Key barriers were difficulties with establishment, grazing management, weed control and uncertainty about seed mixtures. Farmers expressed a need for more guidance on persistence and management and preferred learning via open days and discussion groups. Conclusions The findings highlight the need for tailored support to facilitate MSS adoption. Future initiatives should prioritise peer learning, demonstration farms and practical guidance on establishment and grazing.