Political Evolution in Gilgit Baltistan: A Historical Analysis of Governance Structures and Regional Dynamics

This research explores the history and administrative evolution of the Gilgit Baltistan (GB) region, employing a comprehensive approach that combines historical analysis and empirical investigation. The study spans from the region's earliest history, characterized by limited accessibility and remote location, to its pre-independence eras divided into BCE to the 7th century, monarchs' invasion era (8th to 18th century), and the European colonization to Dogras (Sikhs) era (1840 to 1947-48). The research highlights vital dynasties and influences during each phase, emphasizing the role of Dogras as the last rulers before independence. The study explores GB's independence in two consecutive years, with Gilgit gaining independence in late 1947 and Baltistan in 1948, marking Pakistan's independence as a catalyst for the region's freedom. The affiliation with Pakistan, driven by the "Two Nation Theory" and Islamic principles, is detailed, emphasizing the sequence of regional affiliations with Yasin, Gilgit, and the states of Hunza and Nagar. The standpoint of Pakistan on GB as part of the Kashmir dispute is analyzed, and the region's constitutional status is examined. Despite being affiliated with Pakistan since its independence, GB lacks representation in the upper and lower houses of the Pakistani parliament as of 2023. The research methodology traces the administrative development of GB, from advisory councils to the current Gilgit Baltistan legislative assembly, reflecting the region's political transformation. The study concluded by detailing the latest government in power, providing a thorough understanding of the region's historical overview and contemporary governance.