Men, Masculinity and Power in Nepal

This paper critically examines the socio-cultural construction of masculinity and its implications for gender roles and relations in South Asia, with a particular focus on Nepal. It argues that masculinity is not merely a biological trait but a socially constructed identity associated with power, control, and dominance, typically reserved for men. The paper explores how patriarchal ideologies, gender stereotypes, and traditional practices shape perceptions of masculinity and femininity from early childhood, reinforcing unequal power dynamics between men and women. Media representations, religious rituals, and family structures further institutionalize these gendered expectations. While masculine traits in men are praised, similar traits in women are often stigmatized, leading to their marginalization in both public and private spheres. Moreover, masculinity imposes restrictive norms on men themselves, discouraging emotional expression and promoting toxic behaviors that can result in psychological distress. The paper also highlights the intersectional impact of caste and class in exacerbating gender inequalities. Despite some progress in education and economic participation for women in Nepal, the persistence of traditional gender roles continues to limit their autonomy. Ultimately, this study underscores the urgent need to challenge hegemonic masculinity and promote more inclusive, equitable gender norms for both men and women.