Teaching Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Medicine

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an important tool for diagnosis and management across medical specialties. This scoping review consolidates POCUS education literature, examining how curricula are developed, implemented, and assessed. We identify literature gaps, explore directions for further research, and provide recommendations for curriculum development, implementation, and improvement. Methods We conducted a scoping review per the framework outlined by Arksey & O’Malley. A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify published, English language literature, on POCUS education in undergraduate or graduate medical training. Results Of 6,164 articles identified, 421 were analyzed in depth. Curricular content included diverse diagnostic and therapeutic applications, varying significantly by specialty. Teaching modalities included in-person didactics (74%), human models (58%), simulation (33%), and web-based didactics (18%). Several studies showed better outcomes for structured vs. apprenticeship curricula, hands-on teaching vs. didactic lectures, and human models vs. simulators. Web-based didactics were as effective as in-person didactics and conveyed benefits in reusability, cost, and instructor time. Dedicated electives and boot-camps were identified as effective. Few curricula assessed knowledge retention (5%), clinical decision making (3%), learner behavior (12%), or patient outcomes (6%). Conclusion Scholarly POCUS education literature is expanding. Curricular content varies and should be tailored to specialty needs. Structured curricula utilizing hands-on learning, electives, and bootcamps can enhance educational outcomes. Higher-level outcomes such as knowledge retention, clinical decision making, learner behavior, and patient outcomes, are lacking and should be a focus of further research