Fitness Without Extremes? Health Behaviours in Lower-Demand Competition Categories vs. Recreation

This study compared health-conscious behaviors, dietary patterns, supplement use, and body image dissatisfaction among amateur female fitness competitors in lower-demand categories and recreational gym users. A total of 199 participants completed a self-constructed and validated questionnaire (BSQ-34). Fitness competitors trained more frequently and followed seasonally variable diets, with stricter adherence during competition periods. Although both groups showed health awareness, competitors prioritized performance, while recreational athletes emphasized long-term well-being. Supplement use was significantly higher among competitors, who favored effectiveness over natural composition. Recreational athletes preferred natural ingredients and were more concerned about side effects. Despite healthier routines, recreational athletes reported greater body dissatisfaction, likely influenced by aesthetic goals and social media. Findings reveal that even in lower-demand categories, competition preparation involves health-compromising practices similar to bodybuilding. In contrast, recreational athletes maintain consistent health-oriented behaviors. These results highlight the need for education and support to promote sustainable health practices in fitness sport environments.