Semidiurnal Non‐Migrating Tides in the Middle Thermosphere From Far Ultraviolet Observations

AbstractMuch of the longitude/local time dependence of the thermosphere is controlled by non‐migrating tides. Observations of semidiurnal (12‐hr) tides between 120 and 200 km altitude, that is, the middle thermosphere, are rare owing to the lack of systematic measurements in this region. Since late 2018, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission has provided unique measurements of thermospheric disk temperature and the column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (ΣO/N2) from geostationary orbit. In this paper, we present an approach to deduce the strongest semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere by adapting the method of Krier et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029563) that deduces diurnal non‐migrating tides in simultaneous observations of temperature and ΣO/N2 made by GOLD. Testing of this approach suggests that the principal sources of uncertainties in the derived semidiurnal non‐migrating tides are the limitation on the longitudes sampled, such that uncertainties are higher for tides with longer horizontal wavelength, and contamination of the local time sums by stationary planetary waves, which causes amplitudes to be overestimated. Our approach is applied to GOLD data during solstice conditions in 2019–2021. Comparison to models yield disagreements which are likely due to uncertainties intrinsic to the method and/or misrepresentation of tidal dynamics in the models. These results are the first observations of semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere from a geostationary observational platform.