Standards for electric vehicle charging stations in India: A review

AbstractThis review paper examines the types of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS), its charging methods, connector guns, modes of charging, and testing and certification standards, and the current status of Indian standards with respect to international standards. The paper also discusses key challenges in the standardization of EVCS worldwide and provides recommendations. It is recommended to use the combined charging system (CCS) charging methodology which will cater to the electric vehicle (EV) market in the country as well as abroad and help promote faster adoption of EVs. With many advantages with CCS charging methodology such as single connector, both AC and DC charging, high power capacity, promoted by a large number of EV manufacturers across the globe, etc., it is recommended to use CCS charging methodology. CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) is the only charging methodology having a vehicle to grid (V2G) functionality that can be made compatible with local grid codes which can support the grid during peak load demand using the combination of bidirectional EVCS and EV batteries acting as energy storage equipment. Finally, a comparative analysis is provided between the Indian standards and international standards from Europe, China, Japan, Germany, North America, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).