arXiv Open Access 2025

Observational constraints on holography in $(2 + 1)$-dimensional cosmology with a generalized equation of state

Praveen Kumar Dhankar Safiqul Islam Saibal Ray Aritra Sanyal S. K. Maurya

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Abstrak

In this study we explore the cosmic holographic principle, as proposed by Fischler and Susskind~\cite{Fischler}, within the framework of $(2 + 1)$-dimensional cosmological models. A generalized equation of state is employed, given by $p = (ζ- 1)(ρ+ ρ_0)$, where $ζ$ and $ρ_0$ are treated as two free parameters. The analysis confirms the validity of the holographic principle in all flat and open universes. However, for a $(2 + 1)$-dimensional closed universe, we apply the method proposed by Kaloper and Linde~\cite{Kaloper}, and observe that the holographic principle is generally not satisfied. Furthermore, we examine the stability of the proposed model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, and estimate the best-fit values for the model parameters based on observational Hubble data sets.

Topik & Kata Kunci

physics.gen-ph gr-qc hep-th

Penulis (5)

Praveen Kumar Dhankar

Safiqul Islam

Saibal Ray

Aritra Sanyal

S. K. Maurya

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

Dhankar, P.K., Islam, S., Ray, S., Sanyal, A., Maurya, S.K. (2025). Observational constraints on holography in $(2 + 1)$-dimensional cosmology with a generalized equation of state. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11701

Akses Cepat

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Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2025
Bahasa: en
Sumber Database: arXiv
Akses: Open Access ✓