arXiv Open Access 2025

Occurrence of Non-Stationarity at Earth's Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock

Ajay Lotekar Yuri V. Khotyaintsev Daniel B. Graham Andrew Dimmock Andreas Johlander +1 lainnya

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Abstrak

Collisionless shocks can exhibit non-stationary behavior even under steady upstream conditions, forming a complex transition region. Ion phase-space holes, linked to shock self-reformation and surface ripples, are a signature of this non-stationarity. We statistically analyze their occurrence using 521 crossings of Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Phase-space holes appear in 65% of cases, though the actual rate may be higher as the holes may not be resolved during fast shock crossings. The occurrence rate peaks at 70% for shocks with Alfvén Mach numbers $M_A>7$. These findings suggest that Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock is predominantly non-stationary.

Topik & Kata Kunci

physics.space-ph physics.plasm-ph

Penulis (6)

Ajay Lotekar

Yuri V. Khotyaintsev

Daniel B. Graham

Andrew Dimmock

Andreas Johlander

Ahmad Lalti

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Lotekar, A., Khotyaintsev, Y.V., Graham, D.B., Dimmock, A., Johlander, A., Lalti, A. (2025). Occurrence of Non-Stationarity at Earth's Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13817

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Tahun Terbit: 2025
Bahasa: en
Sumber Database: arXiv
Akses: Open Access ✓